The history of Ayurveda, one of the world's oldest holistic healing systems, dates back over 5,000 years to ancient India. The term "Ayurveda" is derived from the Sanskrit words "Ayur" (life) and "Veda" (science or knowledge), meaning "the science of life." This ancient practice is rooted in the Vedic culture, with its earliest references found in the Rig Veda, one of the oldest known texts. The foundational principles of Ayurveda were further elaborated in the classical texts of Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, written around 1,000 BCE. These texts provide comprehensive insights into various aspects of health, disease, and treatment, laying the groundwork for Ayurvedic medicine.

Ayurveda's development was significantly influenced by the contributions of ancient sages and scholars. Charaka, often referred to as the "father of Ayurveda," compiled the Charaka Samhita, which focuses on internal medicine and emphasizes the importance of balance among the body's three doshas: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Sushruta, another prominent figure, authored the Sushruta Samhita, which is renowned for its detailed descriptions of surgical techniques and procedures. This text highlights the advanced understanding of anatomy and surgery in ancient India, showcasing the sophistication of Ayurvedic practices. The integration of these texts and teachings formed a comprehensive system of medicine that addressed both preventive and curative aspects of health.